Pediatric Retina Bibliography

Retinopathy of Prematurity

Screening Guidelines

Fierson WM; American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Ophthalmology, American Academy of Ophthalmology, American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, American Association of Certified Orthoptists. Screening examination of premature infants for retinopathy of prematurity. Pediatrics. 2018;142(6). doi:10.1542/peds.2018-3061.

ROP Classification

Chiang MF, Quinn GE, Fielder AR, et al. International classification of retinopathy of prematurity, third edition. Ophthalmology 2021;128(10):e51-e68.

CRYO-ROP Study

CRYO-ROP Cooperative Group. Multicenter trial of cryotherapy for retinopathy of prematurity, one-year outcome--structure and function. Arch Ophthalmol. 1990;108(10):1408-1416. doi:10.1001/archopht.1990.01070120056029.

ETROP Study

ETROP Cooperative Group. Revised indications for the treatment of retinopathy of prematurity: results of the early treatment for retinopathy of prematurity randomized trial. Arch Ophthalmol. 2003;121(12):1684-1694. doi:10.1001/archopht.121.12.1684.

Anti-VEGF for ROP

VanderVeen DK, Melia M, Yang MB, et al. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy for primary treatment of type 1 retinopathy of prematurity: a report by the American Academy of Ophthalmology [published online March 22, 2017]. Ophthalmology. 2017;124(5):619-633. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2016.12.025.

Stahl A, Lepore D, Fielder A, et al. Ranibizumab versus laser therapy for the treatment of very low birthweight infants with retinopathy of prematurity (RAINBOW): An open-label randomized controlled trial. Lancet. 2019;394(10208):1551-1559.

Stahl A, Sukgen EA, Wu WC, et al. Effect of intravitreal aflibercept vs laser photocoagulation on treatment success of retinopathy of prematurity: the FIREFLEYE randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2022;328(4):348-359.

Remote ROP Diagnosis

Chiang MF, Keenan JD, Starren J, et al. Accuracy and reliability of remote retinopathy of prematurity diagnosis. Arch Ophthalmol. 2006;124(3):322-327. doi:10.1001/archopht.124.3.322.

Bowe T, Ung C, Campbell JP, Yonekawa Y. Telemedicine for retinopathy of prematurity in 2020. J VitreoRetinal Dis 2019;3(6)452-458.

Artificial Intelligence

Gensure RH, Chiang MF, Campbell JP. Artificial intelligence for retinopathy of prematurity. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2020;31(5):312-317.

Surgery

Capone A Jr, Trese MT. Lens-sparing vitreous surgery for tractional stage 4A retinopathy of prematurity retinal detachments. Ophthalmology. 2001;108(11):2068-2070. doi:10.1016/S0161-6420(01)00809-0.

El Rayes EN, Vinekar A, Capone A Jr. Three-year anatomic and visual outcomes after vitrectomy for stage 4B retinopathy of prematurity. Retina. 2008;28(4):568-572. doi:10.1097/IAE.0b013e3181610f97.


Retinoblastoma

Screening Guidelines

Skalet AH, Gombos DS, Gallie BL, et al. Screening children at risk for retinoblastoma: consensus report from the American Association of Ophthalmic Oncologists and Pathologists. Ophthalmology 2018;125(3):453-458.  doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2017.09.001.

RB Genetics Overview

Theriault BL, Dimaras H, Gallie BL, Corson TW. The genomic landscape of retinoblastoma: a review [published online May 22, 2013]. Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2014;42(1):33-52. doi:10.1111/ceo.12132.

Liquid Biopsy

Berry JL, Xu L, Murphee AL, et al. Potential of aqueous humor as a surrogate tumor biopsy for retinoblastoma. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2017;135(11):1221-1230. doi: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2017.4097.

Chemoreduction

Murphree LA, Villablanca JG, Deegan WF III et al. Chemotherapy plus local treatment in management of intraocular retinoblastoma. Arch Ophthalmol. 1996;144(11):1348-1356. doi:10.1001/archopht.1996.01100140548005.

Intra-arterial Chemotherapy

Gobin YP, Dunkel IJ, Marr BP, et al. Intra-arterial chemotherapy for the management of retinoblastoma: four-year experience. Arch Ophthalmol 2011;129(6):732-737.

Intravitreal Chemotherapy

Munier FL, Gaillard MC, Balmer A, et al. Intravitreal chemotherapy for vitreous disease in retinoblastoma revisited: from prohibition to conditional indications [published online June 13, 2012]. Br J Ophthalmol. 2012;96(8):1078-1083. doi:10.1136/bjophthalmol-2011-30145.

Indications of Various Treatments

Shields C, Lally SE, Leahey AM, et al. Targeted retinoblastoma management: when to use intravenous, intra-arterial, periocular, and intravitreal chemotherapy. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2014;25(5):374-385. 


Sickle Cell Retinopathy

Goldberg MF. Natural history of untreated proliferative sickle cell retinopathy. Arch Ophthalmol. 1971;85(4):428-437.

Elagouz M, Jyothi S, Gupta B, Sivaprasad DM. Sickle cell disease and the eye: old and new concepts. Surv Ophthalmol. 2010;55(4):359-77. doi:10.1016/j.survophthal.2009.

Duan XJ, Lanzkron S, Linz MO, et al. Clinical and ophthalmic factors associated with the severity of sickle cell retinopathy. Am J Ophthalmol; 2019;197:105-113.


Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy

Ranchod TM, Ho LY, Drenser KA, Capone A Jr, Trese MT. Clinical presentation of familial exudative vitreoretinopathy [published online August 25, 2011]. Ophthalmology. 2011;118(10):2070-2075. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2011.06.020.

Kashani AH, Brown KT, Chang E, et al. Diversity of retinal vascular anomalies in patients with familial exudative vitreoretinopathy [published online July 5, 2014]. Ophthalmology. 2014;121(11):2220-2227. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2014.05.029.


Coats' Disease

Shields JA, Shields CL, Honavar SG, Demirci H, Cater J. Classification and management of Coats disease: the 2000 Proctor Lecture. Am J Ophthalmol. 2001;131(5):572-83. doi:10.1016/S0002-9394(01)00896-0.


Persistent Fetal Vasculature

Goldberg MF. Persistent fetal vasculature (PFV): an integrated interpretation of signs and symptoms associated with persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHPV) LIV Edward Jackson Memorial Lecture. Am J Ophthalmol. 1997;124(5):587-626. doi:10.1016/S0002-9394(14)70899-2.

Sisk RA, Berrocal AM, Feuer WJ, Murray TG. Visual and anatomic outcomes with or without surgery in persistent fetal vasculature. Ophthalmology. 2010;117(11):2178-2183. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2010.03.062.


Abusive Head Trauma

Forbes BJ, Rubin SE, Margolin E, Levin AV. Evaluation and management of retinal hemorrhages in infants with and without abusive head trauma. J AAPOS. 2010;14(3):267-273. doi:10.1016/j.jaapos.2010.03.002.

Levin AV, Alexander R, Binenbaum G, Forbes B, Jenny C; AAO Quality of Care Secretariat, Hoskins Center for Quality Eye Care. Abusive head trauma/shaken baby syndrome – 2015. American Academy of Ophthalmology Web site. https://www.aao.org/clinical-statement/abusive-head-traumashaken-baby-syndrome. Updated March 2015. Accessed January 22, 2018.


X-Linked Juvenile Retinoschisis

Sieving PA, MacDonald IM, Chan S. X-linked juvenile retinoschisis. GeneReviews. August 28, 2014. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1222/. Accessed January 22, 2018.


Updated February 2025